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Special Articles / Shankar Pathak / Social Work and Social Welfare (NBT) The ideology of Sarvodaya is embedded in the Gandhian conception of an ideal social order as described by Ganguli who devoted his post-retirement phase, his time and energy to study Gandhian social philosophy. Based on this scholarly study he has written Gandhian Vision of an Ideal Social Order. I draw hereafter substantially from his work mostly in his own language.
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Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Noam Chomsky's Discourse on Globalization and U.S.' Imperialism A literature review is designed to identify related research and to set the present research within a sound conceptual and theoretical context. Hence, this chapter aims at reviewing the existing literature on Chomsky’s views on globalization, US imperialism and activism, along with the literature on social action in India. The purpose of such a review is to develop a clear understanding of the phenomena under investigation. For easy reference, the review is classified into the following sections: i) theoretical foundation of Chomsky’s discourse, ii) Chomsky’s views on globalization, iii) his views on US imperialism, iv) his views on activism, v) social action in India, and vi) relevance of Chomsky to social action in India.
Special Articles / Dr. Kannekanti Parameshwar, Dr. M. Purvachar / Social Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities and Their Rehabilitation in Karnataka 2.1: Statement Of The Problem: The Statement Of The Problem Taken Up Is “A STUDY OF SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND THEIR REHABILITATION IN KARNATAKA.”
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Noam Chomsky's Discourse on Globalization and U.S.' Imperialism Since the dawn of independence India has come a long way and has achieved much, especially in the fields of nuclear and Information Technology (Chakravarty, 2008). Alongside these achievements we have also been witnessing growing authoritarian and repressive nature of the state. The developmental model pursued by the country has been largely in favor of the elites. The weaker sections of the society have grown more vulnerable. It could also be argued that the country was never so divided in economic, social, communal, and political fronts as it is today (Teltumbde, 2003).
Special Articles / Dr. Kannekanti Parameshwar, Dr. M. Purvachar / Social Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities and Their Rehabilitation in Karnataka 1.1. The Problem: Discrimination is inherent in society in all walks of life in all human spheres because society has strata. Society is existed on the basis of role, identity, personal merit; support etc. It reveals about the identified problem of human beings against disabled in the society as a whole. It is common knowledge that the Persons with Disabilities (PWD) have been badly neglected and discriminated all over the world. They do have outstanding abilities which are hardly recognized and excluded from the mainstream of the Society. Given appropriate education, training and opportunity, they can also contribute to the society and economic development of the country.
Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu The major findings covering the characteristics, social and family relations, health condition, employment and retirement, economic situation, opinions and feelings of 1,598 elderly men and women living in 200 villages in the state of Tamilnadu are presented in this chapter into two parts. The first part analyses the differences in characteristics, problems and feelings between elderly men and women. The second part discusses these aspects in relation to change in age.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work In this concluding chapter of the book, let us try to understand the reasons for the failure of social policies and planning in India in achieving Social Development and see how social workers could partner with the government in ensuring that Social Development for all its citizens is achieved at the earliest.
Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu Isolated older men and women are classified under four categories : those who live by themselves, those who had no visitor or human contact, those who are often alone, irrespective of their living arrangement, and those who have no surviving relative (wife or husband, son or daughter, brother or sister, or any other relative).
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work In this section we shall see different aspects of Social Development of the marginalized communities such as women, children, aged, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and minorities. We shall also try to understand how the government has strived for their development through the formulation of social policies and implementation of different social legislation.
Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu Retirement and reduced income are inevitable features as people grow old. Among the poor, the aged are one of the most vulnerable sections. Destitution and dependence are the lot of many older persons. For analysis, the older people are divided into three income units: married couple; widowers, separated, divorced and single men; and widows and other women. Thus the 1598 sampled older men and women were distributed among the three income units as follows: 41 per cent couples, 15 per cent unmarried men and 44 per cent unmarried women. The reference period to assess the economic situation of the aged was 1974.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work In this chapter, we shall attempt to understand how India has tried to achieve Social Development by trying to formulate and implement social policies and planning directed towards some thrust areas such as land reforms, education, health and nutrition, employment, social protection, population and family welfare, and environment and ecology.
Special Articles / Bharath Bhushan Mamidi, Radha R. Chada / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Street vending has become an integral part of urban economies and certainly has existed for hundreds of years. Street vending has in more recent times become a matter of concern to civil society and authorities in developing countries, especially in India, which has around ten million street vendors with three million of them street food vendors. This chapter surveys briefly different approaches to organising street vendors in India. A case study of Hyderabad city with around 120,000 vendors and different community organisation initiatives with street vendors offers a glimpse into varied possible approaches of organising street vendors. Special Articles / Zalia Powell, Nonie Harris / Scientific Writing and Publishing in Social Work Abstract
In Australia young motherhood is a controversial ‘issue’ that divides opinions, challenges societal paradigms and defines the women who experience it.This chapter presents the findings of aqualitative research study which had three key aims; to explore motherhood as experienced by women aged eighteen to twenty-five within an Australian context, to seek the opinions of young mothers on suggestions for social work practice and to contribute to the evidence based research that informs social work practice. The following themes emerged from the young women’s stories; good mother discourses, age and motherhood, choice, joys and successes, struggles, stigma, support, isolation and regrets. These research findings contributes to evidence based social work practice with young mothers and promotes further research into the subjective experiences of mothers. Special Articles / Ndungi wa Mungai / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
In this chapter I present a case for using an Ubuntu approach in community development work with young African diaspora communities in Australia. The challenge faced in social work and community development in working with such immigrant groups is that the dominant individualistic-based theoretical approaches do not work effectively for people from communities with a predominantly collective understanding of themselves. An Ubuntu approach means that the Africans see themselves as agents, actors, and participants in determining their destiny rather than accepting a marginalised position in relation to the professionals. Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu Work is significant to people from many angles. It is the source of livelihood for most. It confers status in the family and enhances prestige in the community. It places the individual in a network of social relations with people at the work spot. It occupies most of the time in a day and most part of one’s active period in life. It has purpose and expectation, tangible and intangible returns. Without undermining the pecuniary significance of work and its economic functions, different people have different meanings of work. To one, it is a source of sustenance, for another it is a pastime, and for yet another it is an opportunity to serve the society.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work The basic source of social policy is the Constitution of any country and varied kinds of social enactments made there under because the Constitution acts like a fountainhead wherefrom flow all the directions in the light of which specific laws promoting proper human and social development are enacted. Similarly, human rights form the basis of any social policy today as most of the countries are members of United Nations Organization which spearheads human rights movement and would have ratified most of its conventions. Hence, in this chapter let us try to understand how the ideals of Indian Constitution and that of Human Rights form a basis for the formulation of social policy and enactment of social legislation.
Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu The central themes of the discussion on the situation of the elderly in India are the structural changes that have been taking place in Indian society, the concomitant disintegration of the joint family system and the consequent rejection or neglect of the aged (Planning commission, 1963). These views are widely shared among planners, social scientists and social workers. Two issues emerge from this thesis. One, the joint family has been the popular family system prevalent in India till recently. Two, the aged were well taken care of in the joint family system. Empirical evidences are lacking to support these statements conclusively.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work The state in developing countries occupies a pivotal position in welfare, redistribution, rebuilding and modernization. The ultimate aim of all these is supposed to be Social Development. This is believed to be made possible through a slew of Social Policies and Planning. Hence, in this chapter, we shall try to understand the theoretical perspectives underlying the concepts of Social Policy and Social Planning.
Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu Old age is often considered the synonym for disease. It is more so in the villages where “old age” is commonly referred to as the cause of death among the elderly. Diseases occur at all stages of human life and are not peculiar to old age. But the incidence of morbidity may be higher and the severity of illnesses may be more marked among the elderly than among people in the younger age groups. The medical explanation for this is the low resistance to fight diseases and the declining changes that normally occur in the systems of the body which contribute to easy susceptibility to diseases. The diseases of the circulatory system are cited as examples of this decline which, according to them, is an inevitable consequence of the ageing process. The diversity of the health-functioning of the elderly is seen from the following instances.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work The concept of social development has a long history. We shall try to understand its historical progress in the Western world first and then in the Indian context.
History of Social Development in the West The idea of social development has been part of western social thought for more than 2500 years. However, the need for Social Development was realized and discussed in the wake of myriad problems experienced by vulnerable communities in the era of industrialization and urbanization which were the inevitable part of the developmental agenda known popularly as ‘modernization’. Special Articles / T.K. Nair / Older People in Rural Tamilnadu Ageing is a process. Old age is referred to as the penultimate stage in the biological process of conception, growth, maturity, decline and death. The period of decline due to ageing is known as senescence. But the rate of decline varies from individual to individual. The exact age at which old age starts is controversial. Similarly there is little agreement on the physiological characteristics of old age. Their appearance, frequency and severity vary from person to person.
Special Articles / Ashok Antony D'Souza / Social Development through Social Work All modern nation states - as they profess to be democratic and are elected on the basis of the promises made to all their constituencies – have to carry out social welfare and developmental functions. This they are expected to do by regulating the social and economic relations so as to ensure the wellbeing of all its citizens. Social Workers, while meeting people’s individual, group, community and societal needs independently, partner with their governments in ensuring that right kind of social policies are framed and implemented effectively through proper planning so that people are not just relieved of their penury but are also enabled to lead an empowered and dignified life. Hence, through the methods such as Community Organization, Social Work Administration, Social Action and Social Work Research, professional Social Workers have ample opportunity to realize their social work goals by influencing social policies and planning from micro to macro levels.
Domestic Violence, Human Rights and Mental Health of Women - An Agenda for Social Work in India6/16/2016 Special Articles / Bhavna Mehta / Scientific Writing and Publishing in Social Work Abstract
Domestic violence violates women’s human rights. It not only impacts on women’s physical and mental health but also deters women from attaining a healthy life. The present paper establishes triangular relationships among domestic violence, human rights and the mental health of women in the larger context of what profession social work stands for. Reviewing the efforts of social work professionals working in the field of mental health, human rights and/or women’s issues in India, this paper advocates the need to recognize this inseparable nexus existing amongst the three and make social work interventions accordingly. Special Articles / Juliet / Scientific Writing and Publishing in Social Work Prison Statistics India (2011), is a ‘wake up’ call to Indian society, to promote effective intervention strategies to work with people who have committed crimes and persons who are victims of crime. According to the 2011 report, the number of convicted prisoners has increased marginally by 2.2 per cent (1,28,592 over 1,25,789 in 2010) and the number of under-trial prisoners has increased by 0.5 per cent (2,41,200) in 2011. The number of persons convicted under an Attempt to Murder has increased sharply by 23.2 per cent and the number of under-trial prisoners under Attempt to Murder charge increased by 3.0 per cent in 2011. The number of persons convicted under Rape charges increased by 2.6 per cent in 2011. On the other hand, the number of persons convicted under Murder charges increased by 2.9 per cent in 2010 and decreased by 2.3 per cent in 2011 and the number of under-trial prisoners under Murder charges increased by 3.1 per cent in 2010 and decreased by 0.3 per cent in 2011 indicating a decreasing trend in murder cases in 2011. However, the overall rising crime rate places before the whole of Indian society the emerging need for effective crime control and promotion of a secure society.
Special Articles / Abraham P. Francis, Venkat Pulla / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
In this last chapter, the authors intend to provide a snapshot of the main discussions, themes and issues that have emerged for us. As has been evident from the previous chapters, community practice takes places in a wider socio-political context and social workers/ community development workers are urged to ‘work with people rather than for people’. We appreciate that we live in a world of uncertainties and we do not know what the future holds for us either. This is true for several communities across the globe that are deprived of basic necessities in life and are dependent on the NGOs or Government interventions to find a solution to their everyday concerns. |
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